Difference Between

Deduction And Induction: Difference & Examples

The term deduction refers to the act and consequence of deducing. It refers to two definitions, the first is the act of drawing a conclusion based on facts and the second refers to discounting an amount. Induction is the study of tests that allow us to measure the probability of arguments and build strong arguments.

Deduction

The term deduction is used in two specific and differentiated contexts. The first is the field of philosophy and logic, for which a deduction is a conclusion or inference that is reached through the practice of a reasoning method, which allows starting from general concepts or universal principles to reach particular conclusions.

For example:

  1. All birds are oviparous.
  2. Seagulls are birds.
  3. Seagulls are oviparous.

The second context is economic. In this, it refers to the discount or reduction that is applied to the price of some product or service or the salary of a worker.

The deductive or logical-deductive method assumes that the conclusions are found in the premises, that is, if we follow the premises we will reach the conclusion we want to find.

This method of reasoning is characterized by going from the general to the particular and was put into practice in Ancient Greece by several philosophers, Aristotle being one of the most prominent.

Induction

Also known as inductive reasoning, it is the study of tests that allow measuring the probability of arguments and the rules that allow constructing inductive arguments. It uses the notion of “inductive force” which refers to the probability that a conclusion is true when its premises are true.

An inductive argument is strong when it is very unlikely that its conclusion will be false if the premises are true.

In the area of ​​physics, induction is applied in the field of electromagnetism, where it defines a phenomenon by which an electromotive impulse is produced in a body when it is exposed to a magnetic field.

In the field of electrostatics, it defines that phenomenon by which an electrically saturated body produces in another body an induced electrostatic charge of the opposite sign.

For the law, induction is a form of collaboration in the crime.

In medicine, the term induction is used when talking about causing or accelerating the birth of the baby.

Differences between induction and deduction

  • The deductive method is one that leads us to identify a conclusion based on generalized knowledge, that is, through premises or statements considered valid.
  • Induction is that process that leads us to identify a conclusion from particular observations, from which evidence is obtained to identify the probability of validity of the premises on which the conclusion will be based. This means that the greater the probability of validity of the premises, the greater the probability of the conclusion being valid.

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